A new biography of Francis Galton, by Nicholas Wright Gillham, was published in November 2001 by Oxford University Press. The publisher's description is reproduced below. The book may be ordered from amazon.com.
A Life of Sir Francis Galton
NICHOLAS WRIGHT GILLHAM
A vivid biography of the father of eugenics
Few scientists have made lasting contributions to as many fields as
Francis Galton. He was an
important African explorer, travel writer, and geographer. He was the
meteorologist who discovered the anticyclone, a pioneer in using
fingerprints to identify individuals, the inventor of regression and
correlation analysis in statistics, and the founder of the eugenics
movement. Now, Nicholas Gillham paints an engaging portrait of this
Victorian polymath.
The book traces Galton's ancestry (he was the grandson of Erasmus Darwin and the cousin of Charles Darwin), upbringing, training as a medical apprentice, and experience as a Cambridge undergraduate. It recounts in colorful detail Galton's adventures as leader of his own expedition in Namibia. Darwin was always a strong influence on his cousin and a turning point in Galton's life was the publication of the Origin of Species. Thereafter, Galton devoted most of his life to human heredity, using then novel methods such as pedigree analysis and twin studies to argue that talent and character were inherited and that humans could be selectively bred to enhance these qualities. To this end, he founded the eugenics movement which rapidly gained momentum early in the last century. After Galton's death, however, eugenics took a more sinister path, as in the United States, where by 1913 sixteen states had involuntary sterilization laws, and in Germany, where the goal of racial purity was pushed to its horrific limit in the "final solution." Galton himself, Gillham writes, would have been appalled by the extremes to which eugenics was carried.
Here then is a vibrant biography of a remarkable scientist as well as a
superb portrait of science in the Victorian era.
"This is a superb biography, a rich tapestry that weaves
the threads of Galton's energetic
and productive life into the background of his culture and class, relatives
and friends, travels and adventures. A hundred years ago came the
rediscovery of Mendel and the beginning of modern genetics. It is altogether
fitting that in this age of genomics we should rediscover
Galton."--Daniel L. Hartl, Higgins
Professor and Chairman, Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology,
Harvard University
"For better or worse, Francis Galton
launched an astonishing theory of heredity into the public arena that has
created debate ever since. Nicholas Gillham's fascinating study is based on
extensive archival research and puts welcome flesh onto the bones of this
highly unusual man who was a cousin of Charles Darwin's and a friend (or
enemy) to many other eminent Victorians. Anyone interested in the way genes
and the idea of heredity have seemingly taken over our lives will be
delighted by this biography of one of the most significant founders of the
field of genetics." --Janet Browne, Reader in the History of Biology at
University College London, and author of Charles Darwin: Voyaging
"An elegant biography of a major British scientist and polymath. This book
should become the standard account of
Galton's life, and it also reveals much about the birth of
psychology, biometry, genetics, and eugenics. Scientists, historians, and
serious general readers will profit from reading it."--Kenneth M. Ludmerer,
Professor of Medicine and History, Washington University, and author of
Genetics and American Society, Learning to Heal, and Time to Heal