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The Ancestry of Francis Galton   27

of Galton's 16 great-great-great-grandparents on the paternal side (see p. 10), we find that 11, possibly 13, were, early members of the Society of Friends. Another, Sir Eweh Cameron, is famous as one of the last of the Highland chieftains, a man who summoned his clan and fought at its head (see Plate XXI). It is at first. sight strange to find him marrying a daughter of the Quaker David Barclay, the sister Jean of the Apologist Robert Barclay. But the Quakers were never opposed to the Stuarts in the way the Puritans were. Robert Barclay himself was' a direct descendant of the Stuarts in more than one line (see Pedigree Plate B). At the instigation of George Fox, Barclay appealed to James II, to check the persecution of the Quakers, and his kinship to the Stuarts gave him easy access to the King. He believed in James' zeal for liberty of conscience--being sincere ; and in his Vindication of 1689 he says : " I love King James and wish him well." But as a Quaker he was a man of peace, who preached obedience to every established government and unlike his brother-in-law Cameron of Lochiel took no part in the Jacobite movements. His influence with Lochiel was probably great, and in 1688 Lochiel accompanied Barclay to London that the latter might use his influence` with the King to settle a dispute between Gordons and Camerons. Barclay's mother was Catherine Gordon. ' Of Robert Barclay himself we must all acknowledge that he will ever remain one of the great masters of the English tongue. He formulated as a scholar and a rhetorician the doctrines of the Society of Friends in a way that was impossible for the uncultured George Fox. We may not agree with the doctrine of immediate revelation as it was developed in the Apology;' that the inward testimony of the spirit in each man telleth him of the true will of God is a teaching which had led the Anabaptists to terrible catastrophe, but held in check by such quietism . as we find in the mediaeval mystics and in the early Quakers it has done little harm and much good. Above all it led directly, since the inward spirit alone dictates religious knowledge and there is no formal creed or recognised outward authority, to the doctrine of universal toleration. - We do not all realise how much we owe to the Quakers, and not least to Robert Barclay, for proclaiming this great doctrine, and, what is more, ultimately establishing it by their passive but stubborn resistance. Papist, Lutheran, Calvinist, Anabaptist, Anglican had not got as far as Robert Barclay when he wrote

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