OCR Rendition - approximate

286 REPORT-1883. REPORT OF THE ANTIIROPOMETRIC COMMITTEE. 287 I * C ;X CCO 1- CO '0 n -1 CO ~'C _ m m m Co C: o m en cl I III I cl :- n m cn I t W t- 1- t Cp iO IO I I G CC Cn 1- C- v cD .q ,0 CO I L ~ <~ .~r .1 N M I CO ~ C CC Q CJ CI ~ 1 I o u ,y t o o O ~ wy A .: C.;v n V V .n „ ~. o 4i Growth of Children of both Sexes. 56. Tables XVI. to XXII. show the growth of children of four of the five classes into which the returns have been divided. Class 1. comprises the upper and professional classes and their children, and it may be accepted as representing the best physique of this country, and used as a standard with which to compare all other classes. According to the census of 1871 this class constitutes 4-4f; per cent. of the population. Class II. consists of the commercial classes, such as clerks and shopkeepers and their children, whose occupations are carried on in towns, and for the most part indoors, and therefore under less favourable conditions to healthy development than the constituents of Class I. Class 11. comprises 10.36 per cent. of the population. Class lit, represents the labouring classes, such as agricultural labourers, fishermen, miners, and others who follow outdoor healthy occupations, but whose nurture is inferior to the two former classes. This class comprises 47.46 per cent. or nearly half the population of the country. Class IV. represents the mass of our town population engaged as artisans. Their trades, being carried on indoors, and requiring less physical exercise than Class III.., place them under less favourable conditions as to sanitary surroundings. This class forms 26.83 per cent., or about a fourth of the population. Class V., comprising persons living in towns and following sedentary occupations under the most unfavourable conditions as to nurture and sanitary surroundings, has been omitted from the tables, as sufficient data have not been received to fairly represent it. This class constitutes 7.0.90 per cent. of the population. 57. The average stature and weight of each of the four classes have been worked out from the number of observations for each class, but as the several classes constitute different proportions of the general population the average representing the general population ' has not been worked out from the total number of observations, but is the average of skeletons in the A1nseum of the Royal College of Surgeons, with the following results: -- Ratio of Pelvis to Ilead. StoOlre. Average Average 11Ctreq. Irircuiu- circum ferraoe ference of of Pelvis. head. nl.ui. 111.111. I European female 1 ::a2 4.01 600 1 to 116 G European 11,11105 1.712. 410 530 1-1.29 Female pelvis 130 'Male head 630 1-1 23 10 Andamanese females 1.408 318 462 1-1.33 7 Andamanese males 1192 337 477 1-142 Female pelvis 3-18 Male head -177 1-1-:17 Only one European female skeleton was available for these measurements, but it appeared to be in every respect, a normal one. from these measurements it is obvious that the difference between the circumference of the head and the pelvis in the :111,111, is much less ill the large Europoru, than in the small Andaman race, and it is not improbable that, the relatively Oman pelvis of the female Andaananese has been instrumental, in some measure, in (hth rentiating that diminutive race. It is probably in this direction we roust look for an explanation of the degenerating inttntmces of town life and sedentary occupations, av they, together with the new movement for the higher education of women, favour the productions of large heads and imperfectly developed bodies of women in this and other civilisell countries, and a corresponding disproportion between the size of the head and the circumference of the pelvis.