OCR Rendition - approximate

272 It l l l'01tT--1 8 83. conditions are the. same, is seen by comparing the agricultural population of Ayrshiro with that of Glasgow and Edinburgh, where the average difference in stature amounts to 415 inches, and in weight to 36.4 Ibs.,, in favour of the country folk. A similar, though not so great a difference, exists in Yorkshire, where the fishermen of Flamborough exceed the artisans of Sheffield in stature by 2.91. inches, and in weight by 24.3 lbs. On the other hand, the population of London exceeds that of the adjoining county of Hertfordshire in stature by 1.57 inches, and in weight by 7.9 lbs. Quetelet observed the same condition in Belgium, where the towns showed a higher stature than the country districts ; and he concluded that the greater ease and better food attainable in towns were more favourable to physical development than the hard manual labour and poor fare of the agricultural districts. It is probable that Quetele£ compared different classes together, or that the towns in Belgium hold an. exceptional position, like London to the adjoining districts in Hngland. 38. As an example of the predominance of race over occupation, the stature and weight of the Scotch lead-miners of Wenlocl.head, and the \Velsh lead-miners of Cardiganshire, are given in the table. The occupation of lead-mining in both districts is in a great measure hereditary, and has probably been followed under similar conditions in Scotland and Wales for many generations, yet the Scotch exceed the Welsh leadminers in stature by 2-13 inches, and in weight by 8.7 lbs. The stature and weight of the Durham coal-miners, and of the town populations of Glasgow, Sheffield, and Bristol, are given in this table, as they have been referred to above as influencing the averages of their respective counties, and placing them in an exceptional position as to the racial origin of their inhabitants. 39. One of the objects the Committee has had in view has been 'to ascertain the physical differences of boys and men whose intellect and industry are above or below the average' ; but no returns of this kind have been received, except some referring to criminals and lunatics, and those have been introduced bore as the most convenient place for their consideration: TABLE VIII.-Showing the STATURE and WEIGHT of Adult Male Criminals and Lunatics, compared with that of the General Population. Classes height Weight Ages Ages 20 25, 45 20 25 3n 45 to to to to to to to to 26, ~ :t.5 45 55 25 ss 45 53 inches inches inches inches lbs. 1i ,. lbs. General - 67'5 i 67'9 67-9 67.9 I L62' 163.8 1 146'2 13x6' Aterage population ('lass 3: Country 67-2 G7.5 67.5 67.8 i 161.2 166-4 149.5 157.4 labonrers . f 66-5 66.6 66.9 666 139' 147-3 154-1 148.6 Class 4 : town arti sans 1 Criminals 65-2 ~ 65-6 65-7 65-8 1:169 140- 141-4 143-4 Lunatics 65.7 1-17.9 41. As an example of the relation of high mental to physical qualities, the stature of ninety-eight Fellows of the Royal Society is given. Their average stature is slightly above (0-38 inch) that of the professional classes of this country, to which the majority of them belong. 1883. T REPORT OF THE ANT11IIOPOMETHIC COMMITTEE. 273 40. When compared with the general population, lunatics show a deficiency of stature of 1.96 inches, and of weight 10.3 lbs. ; and criminals of 2.06 inches and 17.8 lbs., indicating a deficiency of physical as well as mental stamina in both these unfortunate classes of society. In respect to complexion lunatics show an excess of 5 per cent. of light eyes with dark bair, and criminals of 10 per cent. of dark eyes with dark hair over the general population. TABLE IX.-Showing the CoM1'r.ExioN of Adult Male Criminals and Lunatics, compared with that of the General Population. Ln2Gtuil(General. Criminal Lunatic. 'J'ot;al . ltricle.a-- G General Criminal Lunatic. Total . ,&-otlandG eneral . Criminal Lunatic . Total . Tulsa---4;eneral Criminal Lunatic Total . Total Unite Kingdom d No lisir Eyes Hair hair Eyes Ilair .r Total of, light light red dark dark red (;ra ,user- per flair per per Ilair per .r vations cent. dark cent. cent. fair cent.. o y per per F Cent. cent. ~n . . o per cent. 5,669 39.6 20.4 40 29'9 1.7 .7 3.7 100 2,315 40.1 13-6 1.1 38.1 '6 '6 5.9 1,409 42.3 203 15 31.8 1.8 .4 1'9 - 40.1 18-9 2-7 32.2 1-5 -6 4 704 31 -1 19111) 9-8 264 4.7 1.3 3.5 100 46 37' 17-4 - 454; - - - - 150 34.7 27'3 3.'; 28.7 2' - 4' - 900 34.6 21' 8-2 27-8 4' 1' 3-4 - 1,261 46.3 24-5 5.2 21.2 '9 1- -9 100 194 44.3 20-1 2.6 30' '5 342 47.4 30.7 1.4 17.3 1.4 1-2 '6 1,797 46-1-3 25-2 4-2 21.4 1' 1.1 .8 285 49.8 18-2 3'5 23.6 1.1 1-8 2-1 100 215 44.2 18.6 '5 28.7 '5 '5 7-_ - 29 51.7 24.1 7' 17.2 19' 2-5 I 25'3 I - -- 4' - --529 1.1 -7 47-4 12,619 41' 19.8 3-4 30.1 1-5 '7 3.5 -