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OCR Rendition - approximate
7 6 FINGER PRINTS CHAP. The " twinned loop " (16) is of more frequent occurrence than would be supposed from the examination of dabbed impressions, as the only part of the outer loop then in view resembles outside arches ; it is due to a double separation of the ridges (Plate 4, Fig. 8), and a consequent double interspace. The " crested loop " (13) may sometimes be regarded as an incipient form of a " duplex spiral" (29). The reader may also refer to Plate 16, which contains what is there called the C set of standard patterns. They were arranged and used for a special purpose, as described in Chapter XI. They refer to impressions of the right hand. As a variety of Cores, differing in shape and size, may be found within each of the outlines, it is advisable to describe them separately. Plate 8, Fig. 14 shows a series of the cores of loops, in which the innermost lineations may be either straight or curved back ; in the one case they are here called rods (31 to 35) ; in the other (36 to 42), staples. The first of the ridges that envelops the core, whether the core be a rod, many rods, or a staple, is also shown and named , (43 to 48). None of the descriptions are intended to apply to more than the very end of the core, say, from the tip downwards to a distance equal to two average ridge-intervals in length. If more of the core be taken into account, the many varieties in their lower parts begin to make description confusing. In respect to the " parted " staples and envelopes, and those that are single-eyed, the description may further mention the side on which the
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