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Climbing and Mountaineering.

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and made fast to some stone or stake above. The use of the second rope is for the climber to haul upon, when he wishes to be pulled up. By resting a large part of his weight upon it, he makes ' the task of pulling him up much more easy. He can also convey signals by jerking it. A usual rock

climbing arrangement is shown in the sketch. One man with a post behind him, as in fig. 1, or two men, as in fig. 2 are entrusted with the letting down of a comrade to the depth of 100 or even 150 feet. They pass the rope either under their thighs or along their sides, as shown in the figures. The climber is attached to the rope, as shown in fig. 2. The band on which he sits is of worsted. A beginner ought to be attached far more securely to the rope.

(I have tried several plans, and find that which is shown in Fig. I to be thoroughly comfortable and secure. A stick forms the seat ; at either end of it is a short stirrup; garters secure the stirrup leathers to the knees; there is a belt under the arms.)