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Transition Studies   17


campaigner's acquirements consist partly in knowledge and partly in handiness. Field lectures, illustrated by experiments, may convey the first to an intelligent novice, and these models will explain what kind of things must be made by his hands, before he can acquire the latter.

FRANCIS GALTON.

42 Rutland Gate', April 5, 1858."

Only one of Galton's Aldershot lectures, the inaugural one "on the opening of his Museum and Laboratory in the South Camp, V. Nos. 18 and 20," was, I believe, printed. It was issued by John Murray in 1855 as "Arts of Campaigning, an Inaugural Lecture delivered at Aldershot." From this lecture it would appear that one of the huts was turned into a museum, illustrating by sketches and models and a small library the arts of campaign-, ing; it was open from 1.30 to 6.30; the second but was a workshop, and a place for storing tools.

"Next as regards teaching the hand. I am collecting a motley stock of very simple tools and raw materials, planks, logs, twigs, canvas, cloths, and everything necessary for making with the hand those very things that you will see pictured in the museum; I urge you to come and make

use of them. In the palisadoed plot of ground, between the huts, you can sit and work just as roughly as you would in the Crimea, and you will from time to time have intelligent workmen to assist you in your difficulties, and explain the use of the tools you work with.-There is no habitable country so wild and so inhospitable as not frequently to afford ample materials for making each thing I have mentioned. But unless we learn to draw our supplies from nature, and not through the medium of manufactories, we may sit with our hands folded in unwilling idleness, arid complaining of want when we are really in the midst of abundance, and surrounded by opportunities of using them    I hope that these huts may be looked upon more as a laboratory where learners may teach themselves, which is the best kind of learning,-rather than as a place where they are formally taught. I wish to make it a kind of head-quarters of the knowledge of those shifts, contrivances, and handicrafts that are available in camp life; and I call upon you to help me with your assistance. Write to your friends from the Crimea, or from the bush, who take an interest in these things, get hints of original experiences from them, and communicate them to me; they will not lie idle, but will at once be turned to account in increasing a store already large, and will remain recorded in pictures or in models for the good of ourselves and all who follow us."


Throughout Galton exhibits his innate modesty; asking for help rather than offering to teach, he proposes expeditions to distant points of the heath to illustrate camp contrivances. He endeavours to give a thoroughly practical turn to his instruction, avoiding scrupulously all that was simply fanciful.

About the same time as these lectures, but at a date unknown to me, Galton gave a lecture on the Art of Campaigning at the United Services Institution in Whitehall Yard. On this occasion according to the Times report (cutting without date) "there were present many wounded officers from the Crimea, and the gallery was filled as usual with non-commissioned officers from the Guards, Artillery, Household Cavalry and other troops forming the garrison of London and Woolwich." Galton showed experimentally how a tree might be cut down and turned into a pole without tools and a hole dug in the hardest ground for it without a spade or other tool than a small stick or iron ramrod. He lashed a common - clasp-knife to a

' This is the first published paper, dated from Rutland Gate.

Pall